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Luigi Galvani

Luigi Galvani was born on September 9, 1737 in Bologna, Italy. In his youth, Galvani intended to pursue a theology. Largely due to parental influence, however, when he entered the University of Bologna it was to study medicine. He graduated in 1759 but chose to continue his education at the institution. Galvani received a doctorate in medicine three years later. His thesis focused on the study of the human skeleton and his research primarily was concerned with comparative anatomy. Galvani accepted a position as lecturer at his alma mater following the defense of his thesis. Only a few years later he began teaching obstetrics at the Institute of Sciences as well. By 1772, he gained an appointment as president of the Institute.

In the early 1770s, Galvani began lecturing on the anatomy of the frog and later that same decade initiated experiments employing the basic equipment used for studying electricity at that time, an electrostatic generator for producing an electrical charge and a Leyden jar for storing charge. It was through the accidental overlap of these two

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Medicine and science in the life of Luigi Galvani (1737-1798)

Together with its companion paper, dealing with the contribution of Luigi Galvani to the history of electrophysiology, this article provides a biographical sketch of the scientist of Bologna in the occasion of the bicentenary of his death. Studies on Galvani have focused mainly on his "discovery" of animal electricity, and on the controversy with Alessandro Volta. Much less is known about Galvani's life and activity as a teacher, physician, and researcher in the fields of comparative anatomy, physiology, and chemistry of life. Yet, a balanced assessment of the significance and the role of Galvani's research in the history of science will be possible only after a historical reconstruction of his entire activity. This should take into account aspects of Galvani's life that have been little studied up to now: Galvani's scientific background, the scientific context in which his interest for muscular physiology arose, the interplay between his activity as a researcher and as a physician, the origin and characteristics of

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Luigi Galvani

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Physician, b. at Bologna, Italy, 9 September, 1737; d. there, 4 December, 1798. It was his original intention to study theology and to enter a monastic order. His family, however, persuaded him to abandon that idea. He took up the study of the natural sciences from the point of view of the anatomist and physiologist. After maintaining his thesis on the nature and formation of the bones, he was appointed public lecturer at the University of Bologna and at the age of twenty-five taught anatomy at the Institute of Sciences. He became especially noted as a surgeon and accoucheur. In 1790, after thirty years of wedded life, he lost his wife Lucia, the daughter of Dr. Galeazzi, one of his teachers. He kept his chair at the university until 20 April, 1798, when he resigned because he would not take the civil oath demanded by the Cisalpine Republic, it bein