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When the Tamils rose up against British 200 years ago

Almost half a century before what is known as the first Indian war of independence or the revolt of 1857 began, there was an uprising in the South. Led by the Palayakarars or ‘Polygars’ — the rulers of small independent provinces — the uprising, known as Polygar wars, saw revolts against the British East India Company in several places of the erstwhile Madras Presidency.
There have been views that the uprising was the first concerted effort for independence from the British. Though historians have varied views on this, ‘1801’, a recently released novel by M Rajendran IAS claims that the polygar uprising of 1801 was well organised with the coordination of forces from Pune to Nanguneri. Though many historians say the pre-Congress revolts were largely provincial, ‘1801’ shows the Tamil Palayakarars were able to link-up with other rebels, cutting across regions.
Rajendran says evidence found after years of research held that Chinna Marudu, a minister of the Palayakarar of Sivaganga, was instrumental in organising the uprisin

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Poligars Revolt

Read all about Polighar Revolt. South Indian warriors called themselves the Poligars. Between 1795 and 1805, they resisted the British forcefully. Tinneveli, Ramanathapuram, Sivaganga, Sivagiri, Madurai, and North Arcot were the principal epicenters of these violent disturbances. For those students preparing for the UPSC/IAS Examination, this article includes all the information related to the Poligars Revolt.

Read More: Chuar Uprising

Poligars Revolt History

The Nayankara system, which was popular in the Vijayanagar administration, gave rise to the Poligars. The Rajputs of North India and the Poligars of South India were quite identical. They were the feudal lords who were granted land in return for their military services and designated as military chiefs. As they frequently acted as sovereigns and even went as far as to collect taxes from the populace, their sway and power expanded beyond the boundaries of the norm.

The issue started in 1781 when the Nawab of Arcot granted the British East India Company authority over Tirunelveli and the Carnatic Provin

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Indian independence movement in Tamil Nadu

The Indian independence movement had a long history in the Tamil-speaking districts of the then Madras Presidency going back to the 18th century.

The first resistance to the British was offered by the legendary Since then there had been rebellions by polygars such as the Puli Thevar, Veeramangai Velu Nachiyar, Muthu Vaduganatha Periyavudaya Thevar, Ondiveeran, Marudu brothers, Veerapandiya Kattabomman, Veeran Sundaralingam, Oomaithurai, Maveeran Alagumuthu Kone Yadav, Chinna Alagumuthu kone and the sepoys of Vellore. Though there were no violent rebellions in the 19th century, still, there were continuous agitations by Indian independence activists such as Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty, John Bruce Norton, Eardley Norton, Sir T. Muthuswamy Iyer, P. Rangaiah Naidu, G. Subramania Iyer, Sir S. Subramania Iyer, C. Jambulingam Mudaliar, Salem Ramaswami Mudaliar, S. Ramaswami Mudaliar, T. M. Jambulingam Mudaliar, Tiruppur Kumaran, M. Veeraraghavachariar and C. Karunakara Menon. After a brief interlude of militancy in the early 1900s, inde